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課程名稱 |
專題討論四下
Seminar (marine Chemistry)(Ⅳ)(2) |
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開課學期 |
109-2 |
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授課對象 |
理學院 海洋化學組 |
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授課教師 |
林卉婷 |
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課號 |
Ocean7007 |
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課程識別碼 |
241 M0072 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
1.0 |
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全/半年 |
全年 |
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必/選修 |
必修 |
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上課時間 |
星期二6,7(13:20~15:10) |
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上課地點 |
海研232 |
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備註 |
與白書禎、魏慶琳、林曉武、溫良碩、曾鈞懋合授
總人數上限：30人 |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
本課程尚未建立核心能力關連 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
THIS SEMINAR WILL FOCUS ON ALL PROCESSES RELATED TO CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY. THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS, THE INVITED SPEAKER TALKS AND STUDENT’S ORAL PRESENTATIONS.STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGING TO ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE THIS SEMINAR THROUGH CLASSROOM DISCUSSION AND ORAL PRESENTATION. IN ADDITION, RECENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN OCEANOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENT WILL BE INTRODUCED TO PARTICIPATING STUDENTS THROUGH INVITED SPEAKERS FROM DOMESTIC SCIENTISTS AND ABROAD. THROUGH INVITING SCIENTIST’S TALKS, NEW IDEAS, NEW RESEARCHES AS WELL AS PROPER PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES ARE BROUGHT TO STUDENTS. STUDENTS ARE REQUIRED TO GIVE AT LEAST ONE ORAL PRESENTATION IN AREAS RELATING TO HER/HIS THESIS RESEARCH. STUDENTS ARE FREELY TO USE ANY TOOLS, E.G., VISUAL, AUDIOS, IN LIVELY AND PROPERLY PRESENTING HIS SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. EVALUATION WILL BASE ON STUDENT’S PRESENTATION SKILLS AND MANNER, SCIENTIFIC MERIT AND RESULTS AND CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION. STUDENTS WHO ARE INTERESTING IN LEARNING NEW DEVELOPMENTS RELATING TO CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND EAGER TO PARTICIPATE CLASSROOM SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION ARE URGE TO ENROLL IN THIS SEMINAR. |
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課程目標 |
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課程要求 |
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
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指定閱讀 |
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參考書目 |
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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週次 |
日期 |
單元主題 |
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Week 1 |
2/23 |
[New Faculty Candidate Talk 新聘演講]
1:00-3:00 pm
講者：周文臣 教授 (申請教授, receiving Ph.D. in 2004)
演講題目： My Journey in Carbonate Chemistry Study
地點及時間：2/23 (Tuesday) 1:30-3:00 pm 海洋所大講堂（2F）
[分享會]
3:10-4:30 pm 海洋旅行作家與學生座談
黃佳琳（黃小莫）《海洋台灣：大藍國土紀實》----非海洋科班出身的記者如何寫出一本海洋科普書
《海洋台灣：大藍國土紀實》書籍資料
台灣海洋全紀錄 驚艷生態視界
《海洋台灣》作者黃佳琳多年來出海、潛水採訪，游走東海岸、西海岸、東北角龜山島、恆春半島墾丁、離島小琉球、綠島、蘭嶼、澎湖、東沙環礁，在一次次的環島重遊中，看見生物們的驚喜、震撼，進而為牠們擔憂，也為生活在這片土地上的我們感到愧疚、憤怒與無奈。
本書收錄許多難得一見的珍貴照片，是數十位攝影師們冒著生命危險，長時間等候才有機會拍攝到的精彩瞬間，帶領讀者看見台灣海洋中的驚奇之美，感受島嶼的驚豔與嘆息，面對大自然更感謙卑。
期許藉由本書能讓更多人親近海洋、愛護海洋，打開心的視野，找尋海洋保育與經濟發展兩全方式，為人與自然共存尋求一條永續之道。
作者介紹：黃佳琳(黃小莫) Lynn Mo
海島旅行生活家，永續旅遊推廣者。
從事記者工作超過十年，遊歷海內外，近年結合海洋環境議題與海洋旅遊推廣，潛水採訪國內外知名潛點，長期關注生態旅遊、潛水觀光、海洋保育等議題，報導作品遍布各大媒體，也常上廣播、電視、網路節目等分享旅遊經驗，並到學校、政府或企業演講分享永續旅遊、海洋保育等議題。
三十歲時學了潛水，因為太愛台灣，才用生命寫了這本書《海洋台灣：大藍國土紀實》。也因為寫海、愛玩，二○一八年底從城市台北搬到離島海邊生活，旅居海島。
世新大學新聞系畢業，曾任中國時報旅遊記者、非凡新聞周刊藝文記者、年代電視台駐上海特派記者，現為雲遊四海、吃喝玩樂的旅遊記者、海洋記者、自媒體人、獨立記者、永續旅遊行銷企畫等斜摃人生。
✎網站：motravelife.com
✎FB：黃小莫的旅行生活
✎IG：@@travelingmo7
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Week 2 |
3/2 |
[New Faculty Candidate Talk 新聘演講]
化學 : Cheng-Shiuan Lee (李承軒)
3/2 (Tuesday) 1:30-3:00pm (申請助理教授, receiving Ph.D. in 2017)
海洋所大講堂 on line |
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Week 3 |
3/9 |
(No class) Students field course on New Ocean Research-1 |
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Week 4 |
3/16 |
[New Faculty Candidate Talk 新聘演講]
生物: Feng-Huan Chang (張峰勳)
3/16 (Tuesday) 1:30-3:00pm
(申請助理教授, receiving Ph.D. in 2019)
海洋所大講堂 on site |
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Week 5 |
3/23 |
楊姍樺
國立臺灣大學 漁業科學研究所 助理教授
http://fisheryscience.ntu.edu.tw/index.php/%E5%B8%AB%E8%B3%87%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9/%E5%B0%88%E4%BB%BB%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB/item/254-%E6%A5%8A%E5%A7%8D%E6%A8%BA.html
https://sites.google.com/view/shanhuayang/home
shanhua@ntu.edu.tw
講題: 珊瑚骨骼環境與微生物
摘要：Recently, microbes raise as major contributors of the high diversity characteristics of the coral holobiont. Their distribution, as well as their functions, remains poorly understood despite considerable belief on the critical role they may play in the coral physiology and response to environmental stressors. Here, using the common Indo-Pacific coral Isopora palifera as a model species, we study on microbial communities and function of green sulfur bacteria (GSB) associated to coral skeleton. Our multidisciplinary approach combined morphology analysis, metagenomes, pigment identification, and cultures of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the coral skeleton. We characterized a diverse and dynamic community of endolithic microbes shaped by the availability of light and oxygen in coral skeletons. Our results highlight the advantages of living within I. palifera skeletons, and shed light on the role of Prosthecochloris clade of GSB to do nitrogen fixation. Furthermore, we investigated the endolithic bacterial dynamics under the stress of acidification treatment, and geographical difference of endolithic bacterial communities in I. palifera. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing the role of endoliths in coral skeletons from an anaerobic point of view. It proved the ability of specific coral-associated endolithic microorganism to take up nitrogen, and further emphasizes the central, but often overlooked, role of the microbial communities in coral biology.
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Week 6 |
3/30 |
曾庸哲
中央研究院細胞與個體生物學研究所
國立臺灣大學 海洋研究所 合聘助理教授
https://reurl.cc/Q7nXpq
yctseng@gate.sinica.edu.tw
講題：Adaptive physiological features of vent-endemic crabs in the shallow hydrothermal system. |
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Week 7 |
4/6 |
春假-讀書天Spring break |
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Week 8 |
4/13 |
林玉詩
中山大學 海洋科學系 副教授
https://ocean.nsysu.edu.tw/p/405-1271-75412,c9285.php?Lang=zh-tw
yushih@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
講題：南沖繩海槽深海熱液區的碳循環 |
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Week 9 |
4/20 |
(No class; make up our two lectures on 3/2) |
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Week 10 |
4/27 |
(Ocean Sciences Meeting; see you in Peng-Hu) |
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Week 11 |
5/4 |
George Burr
國立臺灣大學 地質科學系暨研究所 講座教授
http://web.gl.ntu.edu.tw/ENG/index.php/about-us/faculty/visiting-research-fellows/item/377-visiting-professor-george-burr
strotherburr@ntu.edu.tw
講題：I-129 as a marine tracer. |
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Week 12 |
5/11 |
辛宜佳
中央研究院 環境變遷研究中心 副研究員
講題：淺談海洋環流與生地化模擬
摘要
海洋科學研究的方法包含現場觀測、衛星遙測及數值模擬。隨著科技的進步，這些方法在近數十年都有長足的進步。然而，這些方法各有其優缺點，準確的現場觀測為了解海洋變異以及確定海洋在氣候系統變化上扮演的角色之重要基石，其也提供衛星遙測及數值模擬資料驗證的重要依據，但因天候、人力、船期、成本等限制，現場觀測資料之時間與空間解析度亦極度受限。衛星遙測可連續且大範圍地獲取海洋表面變化資訊，但侷限於海水表面；數值模擬則可產出過去、現在與未來之四維海洋資料，因此經充分驗證的數值模式則逐漸成為海洋科學研究的強力工具之一。此外，海洋科學研究也漸漸從單一方法的使用，演變到同時使用多個方法（如現場觀測搭配數值模擬），以更充分且完整的解釋所關心的海洋現象與機制。
海洋環流模式的發展始於1980年代，而生地化模式之發展則略晚，約於1990年代開始起步。模式的發展初期，因電腦運算資源的限制，具較粗之空間解析度（約數千公里）且較為簡化；隨著科技的進步，模式之時空解析度及複雜度亦隨之增加。海洋生地化模式（或海洋生態模式ecosystem model）為一簡化的自然界，包含許多生物和物質，透過物理、化學和生物過程產生交互作用，是海洋生物地球化學的重要工具之一，使我們得以測試對生地化系統的了解，並可利用來進行預報（forecast）或測報（hindcast）模擬。
位於西北太平洋的臺灣，其週遭海域主要受到大尺度之盛行風系及中尺度之季風和颱風影響，加上極為複雜之海陸分布與海底地形變化，造就非常複雜的海洋環流型態。區域性海洋生地化參數之變化則直接或間接地受到區域性海洋環流多重時空尺度變化的影響，故區域海洋物理環境的正確模擬為區域海洋生地化系統模擬的首要條件，因此，可正確模擬出區域性海洋物理環境之海洋環流模式為建立區域性耦合物理—生地化模式之基礎。 |
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Week 13 |
5/18 |
洪惠敏
國立臺灣大學 大氣科學系 副教授
http://www.as.ntu.edu.tw/index.php/stafflist/teacher/item/66-hmhung.html
hmhung@ntu.edu.tw
講題：空氣汙染的前世與今生 |
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Week 14 |
5/25 |
江政傑
中原大學 環境工程學系 助理教授
https://bee.cycu.edu.tw/member.php?id=10&tpl=2
jjjiang@cycu.edu.tw
講題：灌溉渠道中新興關切化合物的宿名與風險(Fate and Risk of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in the irrigation Channels.) |
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Week 15 |
6/1 |
Ryuji Machida
中央研究院 生物多樣性研究中心副研究員
https://reurl.cc/a50Vk3
ryujimachida@gate.sinica.edu.tw
講題： |
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Week 16 |
6/8 |
塗子萱
中山大學 海洋科學系 助理教授
https://rpb106.nsysu.edu.tw/p/405-1271-210738,c9642.php?Lang=zh-tw
thtu@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
講題：季節性降雨變化驅動快速造山帶流域風化微生物群落變異
Seasonal variation in rainfall drivers the shift of weathering microbiome in a mountainous catchment with high uplifting rates
Tzu-Hsuan Tu (1), Pei-Ling Wang (2,3*), Hsi-Ling Chou (4), Lu-Yu Wang (4), Yi-Jie Wang(1), Jhen-Nien Chen(4), and, Li-Hung Lin(3,4)
1. Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
2. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
3. NTU Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
4. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Microorganisms have long been recognized for their capacity to catalyze the weathering of iron-sulfide minerals such as pyrite, greigite, and troilite. Among the various sulfur bearing minerals, pyrite appears to be the most abundant ones in environments and its oxidation through both biotic and abiotic pathways is one of the major sources of sulfate input to oceans, while the reactivity of pyrite is, however, extremely low under ambient conditions. Although it is well known that under acidic conditions, the rate of bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron released from pyrite surfaces is up to one million times faster than the inorganic oxidation rates, the mechanism of microbial mediated pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH remains poorly constrained. Current studies have demonstrated that pyrite oxidation in mountaintop-mined catchments accounts for 5–7% of global sulfate to the ocean. Mountainous catchment with rapid uplifting rates is characterized by frequent landslide due to seasonal heavy rainfall, or occasionally typhoon events, which bring large volumes of pyritic minerals to the surface as well. To account for the voluminous production of sulfuric acid observed in rivers of orogenic belts, microbial catalysis has been speculated but never been constrained and demonstrated. It also remains unknown which niche is particularly favored for and what community composition is involved in the microbially-mediated chemical weathering. To determine microbial roles in pyrite-induced chemical weathering in orogens, we conducted field campaigns between 2016 and 2018 to sample and analyze river water, bank sediments, hot springs, soils, and rocks from the upstream of the Pei-Nan catchment in southeastern Taiwan. Geochemical analyses revealed that ferrihydrite and atmospheric oxygen are equally important oxidants to drive the sulfate production from pyrite. The values of sulfur and oxygen isotopes, and concentrations of sulfate demonstrated fluctuation through time, which suggested that the chemical weathering pathway was not constant. Microbial enzymatic catalysis appears to be vital to determining the success of the sulfate production from pyrite in the investigated catchment. Molecular data revealed that microbial community composition in river varied among discharges. Samples collected in wet seasons were characterized by the predominance of ASVs closely affiliated (>95% similarity) with two genera, Sulfuricurvum and Thiobacillus. Additionally, ASVs associated with genera which could oxidize reduced sulfur were inclined to co-occur with one another in both dry and wet seasons. Overall, the weathering of pyrite is essentially driven by the Sulfuricurvum and Thiobacillus –related microorganisms that possess the capability to convert reduced sulfur into sulfate.
Keywords: Chemical weathering, microbial activity, pyrite oxidation, seasonal variation
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Week 17 |
6/15 |
Students' presentation: educational cruise report |
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